Analysis of Illegal Cosmetic Procedures Performed by Beauticians / 대한피부과학회지

Background@#Although the rates of illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians are increasing, there is a dearth of relevant information in the literature regarding these procedures. @*Objective@#This study was aimed to investigate illegal cosmetic procedures that were performed by beauticians with the help of judicial precedents. @*Methods@#The Supreme Court of South Korea’s Written Judgement Management System was searched for judicial precedents regarding illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians. This system included cases that were sentenced in the lower courts, the appellate courts, and the supreme court from the year 1997 to 2019. @*Results@#Twenty-three litigation cases related to these illegal cosmetic procedures were selected. There were 21 criminal cases and two civil cases. Common illegal procedures included tattooing (n=11), use of laser and intense pulsed light device (n=6), administration of intradermal injection (n=3), and application of topical agents (n=2). Two civil cases reported facial deformity and accidental macular damage caused by illegal use of lasers by the beauticians. @*Conclusion@#In this study, illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians were identified. Continuous monitoring of these illegal procedures is necessary as they can cause adverse effects in patients.

Analysis of Illegal Cosmetic Procedures Performed by Beauticians / 대한피부과학회지

Background@#Although the rates of illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians are increasing, there is a dearth of relevant information in the literature regarding these procedures. @*Objective@#This study was aimed to investigate illegal cosmetic procedures that were performed by beauticians with the help of judicial precedents. @*Methods@#The Supreme Court of South Korea’s Written Judgement Management System was searched for judicial precedents regarding illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians. This system included cases that were sentenced in the lower courts, the appellate courts, and the supreme court from the year 1997 to 2019. @*Results@#Twenty-three litigation cases related to these illegal cosmetic procedures were selected. There were 21 criminal cases and two civil cases. Common illegal procedures included tattooing (n=11), use of laser and intense pulsed light device (n=6), administration of intradermal injection (n=3), and application of topical agents (n=2). Two civil cases reported facial deformity and accidental macular damage caused by illegal use of lasers by the beauticians. @*Conclusion@#In this study, illegal cosmetic procedures performed by beauticians were identified. Continuous monitoring of these illegal procedures is necessary as they can cause adverse effects in patients.

The Study of Medical Perspectives of Korean Traditional Medicine for Treating Pigmented Skin Benign Tumor / 대한피부과학회지

Although the management of benign pigmented skin tumors are mainly conducted by dermatologists, some Korean traditional doctors provide care. We aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of the medicinal knowledge of pigmented benign skin tumors that is recorded in the Korean traditional medicinal literature, in the context of modern medicine. We defined benign pigmented skin tumors as macules, papules, or nodules with homogeneous surfaces and coloration patterns, that are round or oval in shape, exhibit regular outlines, and have relatively sharp borders. We investigated textbooks and articles in the Korean traditional medicinal field to analyze descriptions of clinical classification, pathophysiology, histologic knowledge, and treatment method. We compared them with modern medicinal facts. In Korean traditional medicine, clinical classification of pigmented skin tumors is simple and did not include histologic natures. Unique theories, such as Yin-Yang and Qi, were applied to pathophysiologic understanding of these diseases. Interestingly, oral medications were used beside surgical methods. We could not find any comment about skin tumors with worrisome clinical features that warrant excision in Korean traditional medicinal literature. There is still a gap between traditional medicine and modern medicine regarding pigmented skin tumors. Traditional Korean medicinal knowledge about benign pigmented skin tumors seemed to be insufficient in the context of modern medicinal standards.

The Origin, Principles of Intense Pulsed Light and Its Proper Application in Clinical Practice / 대한피부과학회지

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a high-intensity polychromatic incoherent light of a determined wavelength spectrum, fluence, and pulse duration. Clinicians can combine these variable factors of IPL for the purpose of selective destruction of target chromophores. Due to these properties, IPL has been widely used for numerous indications including hair removal and treatment of vascular or pigmented lesions. For skilled and experienced clinicians, IPL is a great treatment modality; however it can be a source of serious adverse effects when performed by untrained clinicians. Thus, to promote the proper and safe use of IPL, we summarized the origin, history, basic principles, and clinical application of IPL and discussed qualification factors needed for clinicians who use IPL.

Growth of Human Melanocytes in Human Epidermis Reconstructed by Culture / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Melanocytes grown in pure monolayer culure lack many of the cellular interactions that exist in vivo. This can be partially overcome by growing melanocytes together with other epidermal cells in skin equivalent models. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to grow human melanocytes in human epidermis reconstructed on dermal substrates in vitro and to examine their response to UV radiation. METHODS: The skin equivalents were prepared by seeding cultured human keratinocytes together with cultured human melanocytes(in a ratio of 5%) onto de-epidermized dermis. After 7 days of culture, they were exposed to UVB irradiation(total 150m J/cm over 5days). On day 12 of air exposure the sections of the skin equivalents were prepared for histology. The structure of the skin equivalents was studied following staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Melanocytes were characterized by DOPA staining and by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Melanocytes were localized singly within the basal layer of the reconstructs. Melanin was also visible both in the melanocytes and in neighboring keratinocytes. There was an increase in melanocyte size and dendricity following UV irradiation. Melanocytes became positive to staining with HMB-45 antibody following UV irradiation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that melanocytes grown in reconstructed human epidermis are functional and capable of responding to UV irradiation.

A Case of Cutaneous Pleomorphic T-cell Lymphoma / 대한피부과학회지

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome are heterogeneous; they deseve further scientific attention about their natural history and effective therapy. Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma is a recently defined lymphoma type that can occur in the skin. We report the case of a man in whom such a tumor manifested itself with multiple subcutaneous lesions. The skin biopsy specimen showed diffuse dermal infiltration of atypical lymphocytes with highly pleomorphic nuclei. Testing for the antibody against HTLV-1 was negative and immunohistochemical staiiiing was compatible with pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma.

A Case of Infantile Myofibromatosis in a Male Infant / 대한피부과학회지

Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare specific fibrous proliferations of infancy and childhood, but its clinical and histopathological natures are well described. In Korea, only two cases have been reported. We present an additional case of infantile myofibromatosis that developed on the left proximal palm of tow-month-old male infant since birth. The tumor was brownish to red in color, 2.5x 4.0cm in size and firmly palpated. The tumor was not only localized to the skin, but also involved the underlying 4th and 5th metacarpal bone so that caused hypoplasia of those bones.

Ki - 67 Expression in Cutaneous Lymphoid Infiltrates / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: A number of reports have stressed the usefulness of cell kinetic estimations as an aid in the prognostic and diagnostic classification of malignant lymphoma. But very limited information is available concerning cell cycle distirbutions in cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate, although a number of these conditions present tremendous problems in diagnosis and management. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proliferative activities in various cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates and its usefulness in diagnosis or foretelling a prognosis. METHODS: Fifty two arehival biopsy specimens were studies. These included cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, polymorphous light eruptions, and pseudolymphomas such as insect bite, lymphomatoid papulosis, and other lymphocytoma cutis. Ki-67 was identified by immunoperoxidase technique using MIB1, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a fixation and embedding resistant epitope on the Ki-67 protein. RESULTS: Higher Ki-67 positive rates were observed in high grade angiocentric T-cell lymphomas, which was helpful in differentiating from benign disease. In two cases of lymphomas which Ki-67 positive rate were more than 80 percent despite of minimal lymphoid infiltrate in skin biopsy specimen, evaluation of Ki-67 expression was profoundly helpful in diagnosing them as malignancies. CONCLUSION: Use of this technique was useful in evaluation of proliferative activity of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate. In some cases, use of this technique may aid us in differential diagnosis of malignant lymphoma from benign chronic inflammatory disease of the skin.

Ki - 67 Expression in Cutaneous Lymphoid Infiltrates / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: A number of reports have stressed the usefulness of cell kinetic estimations as an aid in the prognostic and diagnostic classification of malignant lymphoma. But very limited information is available concerning cell cycle distirbutions in cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate, although a number of these conditions present tremendous problems in diagnosis and management. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proliferative activities in various cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates and its usefulness in diagnosis or foretelling a prognosis. METHODS: Fifty two arehival biopsy specimens were studies. These included cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, polymorphous light eruptions, and pseudolymphomas such as insect bite, lymphomatoid papulosis, and other lymphocytoma cutis. Ki-67 was identified by immunoperoxidase technique using MIB1, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a fixation and embedding resistant epitope on the Ki-67 protein. RESULTS: Higher Ki-67 positive rates were observed in high grade angiocentric T-cell lymphomas, which was helpful in differentiating from benign disease. In two cases of lymphomas which Ki-67 positive rate were more than 80 percent despite of minimal lymphoid infiltrate in skin biopsy specimen, evaluation of Ki-67 expression was profoundly helpful in diagnosing them as malignancies. CONCLUSION: Use of this technique was useful in evaluation of proliferative activity of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate. In some cases, use of this technique may aid us in differential diagnosis of malignant lymphoma from benign chronic inflammatory disease of the skin.

A Case of Primary Cutaneous CD30 Positive Large Cell Lymphoma / 대한피부과학회지

Primary cutaneous CD30(Ki- 1) positive large cell lymphoma occurs generally in adults and in contrast to primary noncutaneous CD30 positive large cell lymphoma, rarely in children and adolescences. Generally it does not express epithelial membrane antigen(EMA). Recently we experienced a sixteen-year old boy who developed CD30 positive large cell lymphoma. He presented with single ulcerative nodule on his right upper vermilion border and there was no evidence of lymph nodal or other visceral involvement. In paraffin section, stainings for CD30, CD45RO, CD45 and EMA were positive but staining for CD20 was negative. His young age of onset and positive immunoreactivity to EMA of tumor cells in this case are unusual features for primary cutaneous CD30 positive large cell lymphoma.

Peripheral T - Cell Lymphoma Involving Skin / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas(PTCL) frequently involve the skin and may occur as distinct clinicopathologic entities. However, clinicopathologic features of PTCLs involving the skin other than mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome have been poorly understood. OBJECT: This study aimed to characterize the nature of PTCL involving the skin in the Korean population. METHODS: Twenty-three cases of PTCL which involved the skin were collected during period from July, 1991 to June, 1995 In addition to reviewing the clinical records and routine histologic slides of t.hese cases, the immunohistochemical studies with several antibodies and in situhybridization for Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) early RNAs were performed on selected cases. RESULTS: We recognized five subtypes; mycosis fungoides, 5 cases, angiocentric T-cell lympho-ma, 9 cases, diffuse large cell lymphoma, 4 cases(Ki-1 positive, 3 cases, Ki-1 negative, 1 case), subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma, 1 case, and unspecified PTCL, 4 cases. Mycosis fungoides tends to involve papillary dermis with epidermotropism, where as angiocentric T-cell lymphoma and unspecified PTCI. predominantly affact adnexae, venules, and subcutis. Among 9 cases of angiocentric T-cell lymphoma, EBV RNAs were detected in 5 cases. In the prognostic point of view, mycosis fungoides and Ki- 1 positive large cell lymphoma were notably favorable and angiocentric T-cell lymphoma, especially EBV related, was guarded. CONCLUSION: A variety of the distinct entities of PTCL which frequently involve the skin were identified in the Korean population. In addition to the clinicopathologic information, immunophenotyping and EBV detection are thought to be crucial in diagnosing and predicting the behavior of T-cell neoplasms.

Angiocentric T - cell Lymphoma of the Skin / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Angiocentric T-cell lymphomas are rare T-cell malignancies which involve extranodal sites, such as the skin, nasal cavity, soft tissue and gastrointestinal tract. They have been reported with significant frequency in Asia. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study is to characterize the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical featnres of cutaneous angiocentric T-cell lymphoma. Another objective is to search for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the tissues of cutaneous angiocentiric T cell lymphoma. METHODS: Clinical records, laboratory data, and histopathologic sections of 12 patients with cutaneous angiocentric T-cell lymphoma were reviewed. Paraffin tumor tissues were immunophenotyped. In situ hybridizaion studies were performed to detect the EBV genomes. RESULTS: The ages of the 12 patients ranged from 34 to 64 years(mean 45.8 years). The cutaneous lesions were nodules or plaqes, and were with ulcerated or had intact skin. Eight patients had evidence of extracutaneous involvement, usually involving lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Eleven patients showed the abnormal laboratory findings including anemia, leukopenia, and elevated level of LDH. The disease pursued an aggressive course and was not uncommonly resistant to treatment. Histologically, the lymphomatous infiltrate occurred predominantly in the subcutaneous layer with involvement of the dermis. The pattern was mainly perivascular and periadnexal. A prominent feature was invasion of small or medium vesselsby lymphoma cells. The infiltrating lymphrcytes expressed CD45RO in all cases; variable expression of CD3 and CD56 was detected in piaffin sections. Among the 11 cases where in situ hybridization was performed, EBV genome could be detected in 9 cases. CONCLUSION: Angiocentric T-cell lymphoma of the skin is an aggressive lymphoma distinct from classic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, further studies are needed to regard them as a homogeneous entity of T-cell lymphoma involving the skin.

A Case of Lofgren' s Syndrome / 대한피부과학회지

Sarcoidosis is a rare d:sease in Korea and its association with erythema nodosurn is even rarer. Recently we saw a patient of bihilar adenopathy, who had arthralgia and erythematous nodules of both lower legs. A skin biopsy obtained from the erythematous nodule of the lower leg showed septal panniculitis, consitent with erythema nodosum, and a biopsy from the mediastinal lymph node revealed a pathology consistent with sarcoidosis. This is the first case of Lofgrens syndrome confirmed by histology ir, Korea.